28oct08

Help via "/?" "-help" "--help" or "man" or "info"

sudo su

cat shows the contents of a file head first 10 lines of file, -n parameter means n lines shown tail last 10 lines of file, -n parameter means n lines shown more shows a file with pause every page

find /var/www /home/nickg/public_html -name ".html" -type f find / test -name test*

mkdir /mnt/usb mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1

rm //remove = delete, like rmdir rm -R * //removes everything (subdirs too!) BE VERY CAREFUL!

kill -9 processid(PID) //forces a process to terminate

swapon -s swapoff -v knoppix.swp

fdisk /dev/hda

not /dev/hda1

p (print partitions)

sfdisk -l

lists known partitions

255 heads & 63 sectors per track failsafe 2 fb640x480

/sbin/grub-install /dev/hdb

/boot/grub/grub.conf default=0 timeout=0 title "Linux" root(hd2,1) kernel /vmlinuz ro root=/dev/hdb2 intrd /intrd-z.img

lpstat //printers

/bin, /usr/bin binary files /sbin, /usr/sbin /usr/X11R6 //xwindows system /lib //shared libaries (like dll for windows) var

ZIPPING AND TAPE ARCHIVING

gunzip -d example.tgz //creates output file example.tar

gzip example.tar //creates output file example.tgz

zcat example.tar.gz | tar xvf //creates a dir called example

(http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/fdisk_partitioning.html)

fdisk /dev/hda (must be /hda not /hda1) ... m (help listing of commands) p (print table) n (new partition) -> p (primary) -> 1 (first partition) -> +256M (256MB) n (new partition) -> p (primary) -> 2 (second partition) -> ENTER (default to use the rest of the drive) p (print table, should see 2 partitions /hda1 & /hda2) a (choose the active, booting partition) -> 1 (first partition) t (change a partition file system) -> 2 (second partition) -> 82 (linux swap code) p (print table, should see: /dev/hda1 * 1 32 257008+ 83 Linux /dev/hda2 33 65 265072+ 82 Linux swap w (write all the changes) q (quit without saving the changes) ...

(NOTE cfdisk is a more advanced command line "graphical" version, sfdisk is a more advanced "expert" command line version)

(http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/setting_up_swap.html) (http://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/swap-space.html)

mkswap /dev/hda2 (format!!! the 2nd partition to be a linux swap) swapon /dev/hda2 swapon -s (show the swap file usage & priority, high priority used first) swapoff /dev/hda2 (stop using the swap partition, if low on mem a bad idea) swapon -p 100 /dev/hda2 (start using /dev/hda2 with priority 100)

(Creating files that can be used as swap in linux are covered elsewhere) (http://www.xenotime.net/linux/doc/swap-mini-howto.txt)

(http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/formatting.html)

mkfs -t ext2 /dev/hda1 (formats /dev/hda1 to the ext2 file system, not ntfs/fat, for linux) (or mk2efs /dev/hda1 which by default creates an ext2)

tune2fs -m 1 /dev/hda1 (tunes the new files system to reserve 1% for the root user) tune2fs -L /dev/hda1 main (gives /dev/hda1 a permanent label) e2fsck /dev/hda1 (checks the file system for errors) dumpe2fs /dev/hda1 | grep "Block count" (find the # of blocks for recovery)

extended partitions are logical partitions defined on top of a single primary partition... when choosing a size it's easisest to type +536M (536 Megabyte partition) (or you could just hit enter and use it all...) instead of 65 cylinders (multiplied by 16,065 tracks by 512 bytes per sector) =

http://www.mcp.com

To telnet to a site type in telnet www.victim.com ,to telnet toa
site on a specific port type in telnet www.victim.com portnumbe. Let's say i wanted to telnet to port 25 i would type in telnet www.victim.com 25 .
To FTP to a machine type in ftp www.victim.com. To rlogin to a machine, many of you proably dont know what the hell im talking about so let me explain. If you place a file called .rhosts in someones home directory and that file has two plusses like this + + in it you can use the rlogin command to log into the system using that account without a password. Ring a bell in your mind? filling with fresh ideas. I use this method whenever I geta
shell account, it assures me that if they by any chance change the passowrd I can always rlogin into the system assuming that the account has a .rhosts file in it and the file contains + + then you're in good shape. Assume the username of the account is lamer. So inorder to rlogin into lamer's account we would do the follwoing. Type in rlogin www.victim.com -l lamer . This will telnet us directly into lamer's account where we can start rooting the system.